Thursday 27 June 2013

About dward Joseph Snowden

dward Joseph Snowden


 (born June 21, 1983)[1] is a previous technical contractor for theNational Security Agency (NSA) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) employee wholeaked information of top-secret American and British government mass surveillance programs to the press.[3][4] Individuals occupying these positions may have been required to obtain aTop Secret Sensitive Compartmented Information clearances, which requires a special background investigation. Snowden would have been subjected to drug testing and obligatory to take and pass a polygraph test.[5]
functioning mainly with Glenn Greenwald of The Guardian (London), which published a series of exposés based on Snowden's disclosures in June 2013, Snowden revealed information about a variety of classified intelligence programs, including the interception of US and European telephone metadata and the PRISM and Tempora Internet surveillance programs. Snowden said the leaks were an effort "to inform the public as to that which is done in their name and that which is done against them."[4][6][7]
On June 14, 2013, US federal prosecutors filed a sealed complaint, made public on June 21,[8][9] charging Snowden with theft of government property, unauthorized communication of national defense information, and willful communication of classified intelligence to an unauthorized person; the latter two allegations are under the Espionage Act.[10]
Snowden's leaks are said to rank among the most significant breach in the history of the NSA.[11] Matthew M. Aid, an intelligence historian in Washington, said disclosures linked to Snowden have "confirmed longstanding suspicions that NSA's surveillance in this country is far more intrusive than we knew."[11]

Contents

·         1 Personal life
o    1.1 Childhood, family and education
o    1.2 Political views
o    1.3 Career
o    1.4 Post-career, outside the United States
§  1.4.1 Possible political asylum
§  1.4.2 Passport revoked and Snowden leaves Hong Kong
·         2 NSA surveillance disclosures
o    2.1 Media disclosures
§  2.1.1 Timeline
o    2.2 Reactions
§  2.2.1 United States domestic response
§  2.2.1.1 Federal government
§  2.2.1.2 Press and public
§  2.2.2 International response
§  2.2.2.1 Human rights organizations
§  2.2.2.2 China and Hong Kong
§  2.2.2.3 Russia
§  2.2.2.4 Ecuador
§  2.2.3 Whistleblower community
·         3 See also
·         4 Notes
·         5 References
·         6 External links

Personal life

Childhood, family and education

Snowden grew up in Wilmington, North Carolina.[12] His father, Lonnie Snowden, a resident of Pennsylvania, was an officer in the United States Coast Guard,[13] and his mother, a resident of Baltimore, Maryland, is a clerk at a federal court in Maryland.[12][14]
By 1999, Snowden had moved with his family to Ellicott City, Maryland, where he studied compute at Anne Arundel Community College[12] to gain the credits necessary to obtain a high school diploma, but he did not complete the coursework.[15] Snowden's father explained that his son missed several months of school owing to illness and, rather than return, took and passed the tests for his GEDat a local community college.[16][7][17] Snowden worked online toward a Master's Degree at the University of Liverpool in 2011.[18]Having worked at a US military base in Japan, Snowden reportedly had a deep interest in Japanese popular culture and studied the Japanese language.[19] He also said he had a basic understanding of Mandarin, was deeply concerned in aggressive arts, and listedBuddhism when his religion.[20]
On June 17, 2013, Snowden's father spoke in an interview on Fox TV, expressing concern about misinformation regarding his son being disseminated in the media. He described his son as "a sensitive, caring young man... He just is a deep thinker." While he is in agreement with his son in his conflict to the close watch programs that he revealed, he asked his son to stop leaking and return home.[16]
Before leaving for Hong Kong Snowden lived with his girlfriend in Waipahu, Oahu, Hawaii.[21]

NOTES

  1. ^ a b c Ackerman, Spencer (June 10, 2013). "Edward Snowden failed in attempt to join US army's elite special forces unit".The Guardian (London). Retrieved June 10, 2013. "The army did confirm Snowden's date of birth: June 21, 1983."
  2. ^ Greenwald, Glenn; MacAskill, Ewen; Poitras, Laura (June 10, 2013). "Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations". The Guardian (London). "The individual responsible for one of the most significant leaks in US political history is Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old former technical assistant for the CIA and current employee of the defence contractor Booz Allen Hamilton. Snowden has been working at the National Security Agency for the last four years as an employee of various outside contractors, including Booz Allen and Dell."
  3. ^ Gellman, Barton; Markon, Jerry (June 9, 2013). "Edward Snowden says motive behind leaks was to expose 'surveillance state'". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  4. ^ a b c Gellman, Barton; Blake, Aaron; Miller, Greg (June 9, 2013). "Edward Snowden comes forward as source of NSA leaks". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  5. ^ http://www.usnews.com/news/blogs/washington-whispers/2012/09/25/nsa-whistleblower-reveals-how-to-beat-a-polygraph-test “NSA Whistleblower Reveals How to Beat a Polygraph Test“. By: Elizabeth Flock, Washington Whispers, September 25, 2012.
  6. ^ Smith, Matt (June 9, 2013). "NSA leaker comes forward, warns of agency's 'existential threat'". CNN. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h Greenwald, Glenn; MacAskill, Ewen; Poitras, Laura (June 9, 2013). "Edward Snowden: the whistleblower behind the NSA surveillance revelations". The Guardian(London). Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  8. ^ a b Finn, Peter; Horwitz, Sari (June 21, 2013). "U.S. charges Snowden with espionage". The Washington Post. Retrieved June 21, 2013.
  9. ^ Greenwald, Glenn (June 22, 2013). "On the Espionage Act charges against Edward Snowden". The Guardian (London).
  10. ^ "Document: Edward Snowden unsealed complaint".Politico. June 21, 2013. Retrieved June 23, 2013.
  11. ^ a b Shane, Scott; and Somaiya, Ravi (June 16, 2013). "New Leak Indicates U.S. and Britain Eavesdropped at '09 World Conferences". The New York Times.
  12. ^ a b c Tracy, Connor (June 10, 2013). "What we know about NSA leaker Edward Snowden". NBC News.
  13. ^ Itkowitz, Colby; Sheehan, Daniel Patrick (June 10, 2013)."Edward Snowden's father, stepmother plan to make public statement". The Morning Call (Allentown, PA).
  14. ^ Toppo, Greg (June 10, 2013). "Former neighbor remembers Snowden as 'nice kid'". USA Today.
  15. ^ a b "Profile: Edward Snowden". BBC News. June 10, 2013. Retrieved June 10, 2013.
  16. ^ a b "Edward Snowden's Father Speaks Out To Fox About Media 'Misinformation,' Asks Son To Stop Leaking". Mediaite. May 26, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  17. ^ Leger, Donna Leinwand (June 9, 2013). "NSA contractor: 'I know I have done nothing wrong'". USA Today. Retrieved June 9, 2013.
  18. ^ Page 3 of 3 (June 13, 2013). "U.S. Fears Edward Snowden May Defect to China: Sources". ABC News. Retrieved June 19, 2013.
  19. ^ "Snowden's Life Surrounded By Spycraft". NPR. Associated Press. June 15, 2013. Retrieved June 15, 2013.
  20. ^ Broder, John M.; Shane, Scott (June 15, 2013). "For Snowden, a Life of Ambition, Despite the Drifting". The New York Times. Retrieved June 15, 2013. "Mr. Snowden, who has taken refuge in Hong Kong, has studied Mandarin, was deeply interested in martial arts, claimed Buddhism as his religion and once mused that "China is definitely a good option career wise.""
  21. ^ Malkin, Bonnie (June 11, 2013). "Edward Snowden's girlfriend revealed to be former ballet dancer". The Daily Telegraph(London). Retrieved June 11, 2013.


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